Diagnosed a real patient from the Nagari Medical Clinic & Maternity Ward in Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Developed a public health campaign for communities in Sub-Saharan Africa for implementation in 2022.

Demonstrated mastery during clinical skills training in phlebotomy, ultrasound, and intubation procedures.

Sophia Shao

Strawberry Crest High School

Class of 2025

Sophia Shao is participating in the Advanced Medical and Public Health program this summer. She first heard about this program at the 2020 HOSA International Leadership Conference and decided to join with two of her friends. She is excited to tour the National Library of Medicine as she loves to learn about the history of things and the NLM has the largest database of biomedical records. She is also looking forward to performing real medical procedures as well as using the future of medicine to assist in a diagnosis of a patient halfway across the world.

As a rising sophomore at Strawberry Crest High School, Sophia is enrolled in Advanced Placement and Pre-IB courses with plans to take IB courses as she enters the Diploma Program. Sophia is the proud leader of her HOSA team and they even won first at the state competition this year. She is happy to be the Vice President of her school's HOSA chapter so she can help others find the joy she has in the organization. In addition to her HOSA work, Sophia has done an internship in medical research under Dr. Mark Kindy at the Veterans Affairs at USF. She is also an avid golfer who won second at the district tournament and coaches young children as a part of the First Tee of Tampa Bay group lessons. Sophia serves on the officer team for Teen Trendsetters and is an active participant of NHS, My First Mentor, and Chargerthon. Sophia is just like any other kid and enjoys skateboarding, origami, re-watching the Star Wars Saga, and playing her favorite video games like Dead by Daylight and Minecraft.

In the future, Sophia hopes to study at a BS/MD program so she can get her bachelors of science and her medical degree at her same school and be one step closer to her dream of becoming a pediatrician. Sophia discovered her passion of working with kids through her experience as a golf coach and a mentor for Teen Trendsetters, a program dedicated to helping young kids improve at reading. Her father is a hemapathologist and as a result, Sophia grew up loving science and medicine since her world was made up of these. She hopes to combine these two passions of helping kids and medicine and become a pediatrician when she grows up.

My Patient Diagnosis

My Public Health Campaign

Clinical Skills Training

Medical Training Highlights

My Public Health Training

In Partnership With The Nagari Medical Clinic & Maternity Ward In Bauchi State, Nigeria

The Advanced Medical & Public Health Internship diagnosis is the first-ever program of its kind. I not only got to work with the top medical professionals from around the world, but also save lives.

Through telemedicine, I was connected with a clinic and maternity ward in Bauchi State, Nigeria where I was able to interact with my patients in real-time. Supervised by a doctor in Nigeria, I examined & diagnosed my patient using my diagnostic training on the top 4 leading causes of death in Nigeria; malaria, typhoid fever, nutritional anemia, & acute respiratory infections (ARI).

These patients were locals from Bauchi State that were all ill and would normally not be able to afford medical treatment as they earn $1.25 a day or less. In return for working with our participants, all of their treatments were funded by Leadership Initiatives.

In 2022, Leadership Initiatives was able to fund the treatment of all patients participating in this program.

My Diagnosis

My Patient's

Diagnosis

Muhammad Ibrahim is a 10 year old student living with his parents in a small clay house. He had a heart beat of 78 beats per minute. Additionally, Muhammad presented with an active fever, abdominal pain, headache, loss of appetite, and weakness.

After running the appropriate diagnostic tests, I concluded that Muhammad was suffering from malaria and typhoid. To treat the malaria, I prescribed CoArtem and to treat the typhoid, I prescribed an IV antibiotic.

In addition to these treatments, I recommended various methods of prevention for each disease. To prevent future cases of malaria, I suggested that the patient avoid mosquito bites through clothing, like long sleeves and pants, mosquito nets, and malaria prevention drugs, if accessible. For typhoid, I emphasized the importance of hygiene and sanitation practices, like hand washing.

I learned about four of the most pertinent diseases in the developing world from medical professionals including Dr. Aisha Garba-Aliyu, medical doctor and public health expert in Nigeria.

I developed cultural competencies and a global perspective to assess the structural and social determinants of health that underlie these diseases.

I had the unique opportunity to learn about and practice patient examination, evaluation, and diagnosis skills which contributed to the expansion of my preparedness for a future in the medical field.

As a group, we explored the historical, ethical, and cultural implications as well as the medical terminology and procedures pertaining to each of the 4 diseases.

I now have the skills to recognize, diagnose, and recommend both treatment and prevention methods for each of the four diseases.

I gained a better understanding of the signs and symptoms correlated with different stages and severities of Malaria, Typhoid Fever, Acute Respiratory Infection, and Nutritional Anemia.

My Public Health Campaign

Leadership Initiatives is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that is dedicated to creating future leaders across the globe through experiential learning.

At the conclusion of the internship, I presented my research proposal to a panel of judges including Dr. Aisha Garba-Aliyu and Umar Muhammad.

In the Advanced Medical & Public Health Internship, I worked directly with development and public health experts to create an education public health campaign. This campaign will target underserved communities in Nigeria and will be published and widely distributed in the area to increase awareness.

My Public Health Campaign Presentation

Phlebotomy

I learned how to draw blood using a phlebotomy arm simulator. Using this simulator allowed me to practice placing a needle in a vein to draw blood with realistic tissue-like material that imitates vein-wall resistance.

During this exercise, the medical facilitator instructed me on the proper technique and helped me improve the communication skills that I will use with future patients.

Ultrasound

I worked with Dr. Garba to utilize a real ultrasound machine to develop the psychomotor skills needed to handle ultrasound probes, as well as explore multiple pathologies and the corresponding diagnostic imaging.

After receiving an introductory course in ultrasounds, I was able to apply the skills needed to interpret ultrasound images, make diagnoses, and clinical decision making.

Intubation

I also worked with EMT instructors to learn how to perform multiple times of emergency resuscitation techniques including a manual esophageal intubation and a manual resuscitation airway mask.

The EMT helped me understand the proper situations to utilize different resuscitation and breathing assistance techniques and the proper equipment needed.

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Clinical Skills Training

Internship Highlights

I heard from top medical professionals in a variety of fields and specialties including surgery, emergency medicine, and medical research.

Mitchell Kannry, Fire Marshal at DC. Fire and EMS, spoke to us about careers in emergency response and how field medicine is done when trauma is involved.

Dr. Rachel Selekmen, a pediatric urologist and telehealth specialist., also spoke to us about her career trajectory, her studies, and a day in her life as a surgeon at Children’s National Hospital in DC.

Additionally, I had the unique opportunity to speak to leading public health experts and researchers at the National Institute of Health. Their knowledge helped guide me to determine the focus of my public health campaign.

By working with experts, I gained a better understanding of the responsibilities associated with each medical specialty and how to go about pursuing those particular careers.

Dr. Garba-Aliyu taught a series of workshops that demonstrated the proper way to interview a patient and explained various techniques to investigate disease.

Throughout the internship, I developed skills in the collection, interpretation, and critical analysis of patient data.

With Dr. Garba-Aliyu's guidance, I was able to improve my ability to synthesize and evaluate information, which is essential in the diagnostic process.

These exercises helped me advance my communication skills to appropriately evaluate patients and best understand their symptoms.

Through interactive educational seminars, I got an insight into the history of medical practices in Nigeria.

Dr. Garba-Aliyu provided me with the current practices in Nigerian medicine and a rich understanding of the growing mistrust of Western biomedical medicine in the region.

By meeting with actual patients, I gained insight into the lives of people living in Nigeria.

Understanding the lived experiences of these individuals allowed me to gain a critical perspective of what practices I could implement into my campaign to reduce the spread of infectious disease.

In one of the leading interactive activities of the internship, I learned and practiced multiple suturing techniques on a human-skin model.

While working on suturing, I employed instruction from medical professionals on the varying techniques and forms of suturing.

This activity provided insight into the primary tasks required of doctors and nurses, while also learning about some of the more intricate parts of medicine.

Along with suturing, I also practiced making plaster casts and other medical procedures. All of these activities helped prepare me for a career in medicine and strengthened my interest in the field.

Through the internship, I acquired basic clinical skills including taking vital signs, evaluating symptoms, and performing neurological exams.

When discussing vitals signs, we explored different methods of taking pulse. After demonstrating competency using each method, I am confident in my ability to calculate heart rate in any patient.

When performing neurological exams, we utilized a procedure that assesses the twelve cranial nerves. These nerves help facilitate normal and healthy bodily functions, and it is critical to evaluate their function in triage.

Along with these basic procedures, I had the opportunity to learn specialized skills like suturing and plaster casting.